Emergency hormonal contraception (EHC) provides a backup method to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It is important to understand the available options for EHC, their compatibility with hormonal contraception, and their effectiveness.
1. Types of Emergency Hormonal Contraception
There are two main types of emergency hormonal contraception: the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) and the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD).
a. Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP)
The ECP, also known as the morning-after pill, contains a higher dose of hormones (progestin) than regular birth control pills. There are two types of ECP: ulipristal acetate and levonorgestrel. Ulipristal acetate can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex, while levonorgestrel should be taken within 3 days for maximum effectiveness.
It is important to note that ECP should not be used as a regular form of contraception and is intended for emergency use only.
b. Copper Intrauterine Device (Cu-IUD)
The Cu-IUD is a non-hormonal option for emergency contraception. It can be inserted by a healthcare professional within 5 days of unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. The Cu-IUD not only serves as emergency contraception but can also provide long-term contraception after insertion.
2. Compatibility with Hormonal Contraception
It is important to consider the compatibility of emergency hormonal contraception with regular hormonal contraception methods, such as birth control pills, patches, or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs).
For women using regular hormonal contraception, the use of emergency hormonal contraception does not interfere with the effectiveness of their ongoing contraceptive method. It is safe to resume the regular hormonal method after taking EHC, and additional backup contraception, such as condoms, may be recommended for a certain period as advised by healthcare providers.
a. Birth Control Pills
Women who are already taking birth control pills can use ECP if needed. The ECP will not affect the ongoing effectiveness of the birth control pills, and women should continue taking their regular pills as scheduled.
b. Hormonal IUDs/Implants
For women using hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs) or implants, the use of ECP does not impact the effectiveness of these long-acting reversible contraception methods. Women can continue using their hormonal IUDs or implants as prescribed.
3. Effectiveness of Emergency Hormonal Contraception
The effectiveness of emergency hormonal contraception varies depending on the timing of administration and the specific method used.
a. ECP
When taken within 24 hours, ECP can prevent approximately 95% of expected pregnancies. As time passes, the effectiveness decreases, with a lower success rate if taken closer to the 3 to 5-day window.
b. Cu-IUD
The Cu-IUD is one of the most effective forms of emergency contraception, with a success rate of over 99% in preventing pregnancy. It is also the most effective method when used close to the 5-day window after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure.
Understanding the options for emergency hormonal contraception is essential for individuals who may find themselves in need of backup contraception. It is important to consult healthcare providers to discuss the best option based on individual health history and circumstances.