Orthodontic jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, is a corrective procedure to realign the jaws and teeth for improved oral health and facial structure. While this surgery can provide numerous benefits, there are certain risks and potential complications that patients should be aware of. Understanding these risks is crucial for making an informed decision about undergoing orthodontic jaw surgery.
Common Risks and Complications
Patients considering orthodontic jaw surgery should be aware of the following common risks and potential complications:
- Infection: This is a risk associated with any surgical procedure. Patients will be prescribed antibiotics to minimize the risk of infection, but it is still a possibility.
- Nerve Damage: There is a risk of nerve damage during orthodontic jaw surgery, which can lead to numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation in the lower lip, chin, or tongue. In most cases, nerve damage is temporary, but it can persist in rare instances.
- Post-Surgery Pain: Patients can experience significant pain and discomfort following orthodontic jaw surgery. Pain management techniques, including medication and ice packs, are typically used to alleviate this discomfort.
- Swelling: Swelling of the face and jaw is common after surgery and can last for several weeks. Proper post-operative care and medication can help reduce swelling.
- Difficulty in Eating and Speaking: Due to the realignment of the jaws, patients may experience initial difficulty in eating solid foods and speaking clearly. This typically improves as the mouth heals and the patient becomes accustomed to the new jaw position.
Less Common Risks
In addition to the common risks, there are less common but more serious risks associated with orthodontic jaw surgery:
- Non-Union of the Jaw: In some cases, the upper and lower jaws may not fully heal and fuse together properly, requiring additional surgery to correct the issue.
- Change in Bite: Orthodontic jaw surgery aims to improve the bite, but in rare cases, the bite may be negatively affected, requiring further orthodontic treatment.
- Relapse: After the initial healing period, there is a risk of relapse where the jaws may gradually shift back to their original position. This may require additional orthodontic treatment to address.
- Psychological Impact: Undergoing orthognathic surgery can have a psychological impact on some patients, leading to feelings of depression, anxiety, or body image issues. Counseling and support may be necessary to address these concerns.
Precautions and Mitigation
While these risks and complications may seem daunting, it's important to note that orthodontic jaw surgery is generally safe when performed by an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon in collaboration with an orthodontist. To mitigate these risks, patients can take the following precautions:
- Choose a Skilled Surgical Team: Select a reputable oral and maxillofacial surgeon and orthodontist who have extensive experience in performing orthodontic jaw surgery.
- Follow Post-Operative Instructions: Adhering to the post-operative care instructions provided by the surgical team can help minimize the risk of complications and promote optimal healing.
- Attend Regular Follow-Up Appointments: Regular follow-up visits allow the surgical team to monitor the healing process and address any concerns that may arise.
- Communicate Openly: Patients should openly communicate any pain, discomfort, or unusual symptoms to their surgical team to ensure timely intervention if necessary.
Conclusion
Orthodontic jaw surgery can significantly improve both oral function and facial aesthetics, but it's essential for patients to have a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks and complications involved. By working closely with a skilled surgical and orthodontic team and following proper post-operative care, patients can minimize these risks and achieve the desired results from orthodontic jaw surgery.