Wisdom teeth are the final set of molars that typically emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood, but they can become impacted, causing complications. There are two main types of impaction: horizontal and vertical. Understanding the differences between these types of impaction, as well as the complications and the wisdom teeth removal procedure, is crucial in maintaining oral health.
Horizontal Impaction of Wisdom Teeth
When a wisdom tooth is horizontally impacted, it grows in sideways or at an angle, often towards the second molar. This can cause pressure on the adjacent teeth, leading to pain, crowding, and potential damage to the adjacent molars. In some cases, it may only partially erupt through the gum, increasing the risk of infection and decay.
Vertical Impaction of Wisdom Teeth
Vertical impaction occurs when the wisdom tooth grows straight up or down within the jawbone. While this is the ideal position for eruption, vertical impaction can still lead to complications if the tooth fails to fully emerge through the gum line. This can result in pain, swelling, and difficulty maintaining proper oral hygiene, leading to an increased risk of infection and gum disease.
Complications of Impacted Wisdom Teeth
Regardless of the type of impaction, impacted wisdom teeth can lead to a variety of complications, including:
- Pain and discomfort
- Increased risk of infection
- Damage to surrounding teeth
- Crowding of the teeth
- Cysts or tumors in the jawbone
Wisdom Teeth Removal
When impacted wisdom teeth cause pain, infection, or other complications, your dentist or oral surgeon may recommend their removal. The procedure typically involves:
- Local or general anesthesia
- Incision of the gum tissue
- Extraction of the impacted tooth or teeth
- Cleaning and suturing of the extraction site
- Recovery and follow-up care
Understanding the differences between horizontal and vertical impaction, the complications associated with impacted wisdom teeth, and the removal procedure is essential in making informed decisions about your oral health. Consult with your dental professional for personalized guidance and treatment options.