Shared psychotic disorder, also known as folie à deux, is a rare and complex mental health condition that involves the transmission of delusional beliefs from one individual (the primary or inducer) to another (the secondary or recipient).
Understanding Shared Psychotic Disorder
Shared psychotic disorder is classified as a delusional disorder in the DSM-5. It occurs when a person develops a delusional belief as a result of close association with another person who already has a psychotic disorder with prominent delusions. The shared delusion is usually one that is unusual and significantly influenced by the inducer’s delusional conviction.
Symptoms
Shared psychotic disorder typically involves a shared belief in a delusional system, often with a close relationship between the inducer and the recipient. Symptoms may include:
- Delusional beliefs that are similar between the inducer and the recipient.
- Emotional and behavioral responses that mirror those of the inducer.
- Depression and anxiety, which may be experienced by both the inducer and the recipient as a result of their shared delusional beliefs.
- Substance use disorders, which may exacerbate the symptoms of shared psychotic disorder and other mental health issues.
- Physical health problems, as the stress and impact of the shared delusions can affect overall well-being.
- Individual counseling and therapy to help the recipient recognize and challenge their shared delusions.
- Medication to manage any underlying mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, that may be contributing to the shared delusions.
- Family therapy to address the dynamics and relationships between the inducer and the recipient.
Causes
The exact cause of shared psychotic disorder is not fully understood. However, it is believed that the close relationship between the inducer and the recipient may play a role in the transmission of delusional beliefs. Other predisposing factors may include genetic vulnerability to psychosis and environmental stressors.
Relationship with Schizophrenia
Shared psychotic disorder is related to schizophrenia, a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. Both conditions involve delusions and can have a significant impact on the affected individuals and their relationships with others. While shared psychotic disorder is often linked to a specific inducer, schizophrenia is characterized by its own set of symptoms, including hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and negative symptoms such as social withdrawal and lack of motivation.
Health Conditions
Shared psychotic disorder may be influenced by or influence other health conditions, including:
Treatment Options
Treatment for shared psychotic disorder typically involves addressing the underlying delusional beliefs and providing mental health support for both the inducer and the recipient. This may include:
Conclusion
Shared psychotic disorder, or folie à deux, presents unique challenges for both the individuals experiencing the shared delusions and their healthcare providers. Understanding the complex interplay between this condition, schizophrenia, and other health conditions is crucial in developing effective treatment approaches that address the needs of all individuals involved.