Implantable contraceptives are a type of birth control that is placed under the skin and releases hormones to prevent pregnancy. They provide long-term, highly effective contraception for women. To understand how implantable contraceptives work within the body, it's essential to explore the different types, mechanisms of action, benefits, and potential side effects.
Types of Implantable Contraceptives
Implantable contraceptives come in two primary forms:
- Nexplanon: This is a small, flexible rod that is inserted under the skin of the upper arm. It releases progestin, a synthetic hormone, to prevent pregnancy. Nexplanon is effective for up to three years.
- Jadelle: Jadelle consists of two small rods that are implanted under the skin of the upper arm. These rods release progestin for up to five years.
Mechanism of Action
Implantable contraceptives release progestin into the body, which primarily works by preventing ovulation. Ovulation is the process in which the ovary releases an egg, and without an egg, fertilization cannot occur. In addition to inhibiting ovulation, progestin also thickens the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg. Furthermore, it alters the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, to prevent a fertilized egg from implanting, if by any chance fertilization occurs.
Benefits of Implantable Contraceptives
The use of implantable contraceptives offers several benefits, including:
- High effectiveness: Implantable contraceptives are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy when used correctly.
- Long-term contraception: Once inserted, these devices provide contraception without the need for daily or monthly administration.
- Reversible contraception: Fertility returns quickly once the implantable contraceptive is removed.
- Reduced menstrual bleeding and cramps: Many women experience lighter periods and less severe menstrual cramps while using these contraceptives.
- Decreased risk of certain cancers: The use of progestin-based contraceptives may reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.
Potential Side Effects
While many women tolerate implantable contraceptives well, they may cause some side effects in some individuals. Common side effects include changes in menstrual bleeding, headaches, breast tenderness, and mood changes. Rarely, the implant may migrate from its original placement or become difficult to remove.
Conclusion
Implantable contraceptives offer a convenient and highly effective form of birth control. By understanding their mechanisms of action, benefits, and potential side effects, individuals can make informed decisions about their reproductive health. It's important for women to consult with healthcare professionals to determine the most suitable contraceptive option for their specific needs.